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APA Citation Style (7th edition)

Personal communication

Personal communication (8.9 APA Publication Manual)

  • Personal communications include emails, phone interviews, text messages, direct messages, live speeches, etc.
  • Personal communications are considered not recoverable sources and are cited in text only. Do not add to your Reference list.
  • For citing Indigenous Oral Traditions see the Citing Indigenous Knowledge page in this guide.
Reference
Example

No Reference list entry required

In-text
Example

In an interview, J.S. Smith (personal communication, July 25, 2015) mentioned...

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