APA Citation Style (7th edition)

Film,YouTube, Music, podcasts  (Sec. 10.12, 84-90 APA Publication Manual, 7th ed.)

Audiovisual media may have both visual and audio components (e.g., films, TV shows, YouTube videos; see Section 10.12), audio components only (e.g., music, speech recordings; see Section 10.13), or visual components only (e.g., artwork, PowerPoint slides, photographs; see Section 10.14). All of these categories follow the same formats, so the guidance is presented together here.

The formats for audiovisual references follow a pattern based on whether the work stands alone (e.g., films, whole TV series, podcasts, webinars, music albums, artwork, YouTube videos) or is part of a greater whole (e.g., TV series episodes, podcast episodes, songs from a music album). The author of an audiovisual work is determined by media type, as shown next:

Describe the audiovisual work in square brackets—for example, “[Film],” “[TV series],” “[Audio podcast episode],” “[Song],” “[Painting],” and so forth in the title element of the reference. In the source(publisher) element of the reference, provide the name of the production company for films, TV series, or podcasts; the label for music albums; the museum name and location for artwork; or the name of the streaming video site that hosts a streaming video.

To cite a direct quotation from an audiovisual work (e.g., from a film), see Section 8.28; for interviews, see Section 8.7. If you want to reproduce an audiovisual work (e.g., a photograph or clip art) rather than just cite it, you may need to seek permission from the copyright owner and/or provide a copyright attribution per the terms of the image license (see Section 12.15 for more).

 Use the template shown below to construct references for audiovisual media that stand alone.

Use the template shown below to construct references for audiovisual media that are part of a greater whole

Music album (10.13, #91 APA Publication Manual 7th ed., p 344)

• Provide the name of the recording artist or group as author.
• For a recording of classical work, provide composer as author and add recording artist or group to the description.  Provide publication date for version used and add original composition date in brackets at end of reference.
• It is not usually necessary to specify how you listened to an album (e.g. iTunes, Spotify), however if you need to include descriptive information to distinguish the version you can add this after the word Album and a semicolon.
• If the album is only retrievable from one online location (such as SoundCloud) include the URL in the reference.

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Music: single song or track (10.13, #92 APA Publication Manual 7th ed., p 345)

• If a song does not have an associated album, omit the album reference.
• If a song is retrievable from an online location (such as SoundCloud) include the URL in the reference.

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Podcast series (10.13, #93 APA Publication Manual 7th ed., p 345)

• List podcast host as author or executive producer if known and include role in parentheses.
• Specify type of podcast in square brackets (audio or video).
• If URL unknown (i.e. via app) exclude URL.

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Podcast episode (10.13, #94 APA Publication Manual 7th ed., p 345)

• List podcast host as author and include role in brackets.
• Include podcast episode number in parentheses after title if available. If not available leave out.
• Specify type of podcast in square brackets (audio or video).
• If URL unknown (i.e. via app) exclude URL.

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Film or DVD  (10.12, #84 APA Publication Manual 7th ed., p 342)

• It is not necessary to specify how you watched a film (e.g.,in theatre, on DVD, streaming online). However, the format or other descriptive information may be included--within the square brackets following the word "Film" and a semi-colon--when you need to specify the version used.

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TV Series (entire series) (10.12, #86 APA Publication Manual 7th ed., p 343)

• It is not necessary to specify how you watched a film (e.g.,in theatre, on DVD, streaming online). However, the format or other descriptive information may be included--within the square brackets following the word "Film" and a semi-colon--when you need to specify the version used.

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TV Series (individual episode or webisode) (10.12, #87 APA Publication Manual 7th ed., p 342)

• Include writer(s) and the director for the episode and include the contributor roles in parentheses after each contributor name.  Roles could include Writer, Director or Executive Director.
• Provide the season number and episode number after the title in parentheses.

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YouTube or other streaming service (10.12, #88, #90 APA Publication Manual 7th ed., p 343-344)

• The person or group who uploaded the video is credited as the author for retrievability, even if they did not create the work. Include contributions of others who appear in the video in text narrative if desired (10.12, #88, p.343)

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