AUTHOR |
1 author: LastName, First Name and/or Initial.
2+ authors: LastName, FirstName, and FirstName LastName.
10+ authors (list the first 7 authors and add "et al."): Last Name, First Name, FirstName LastName, FirstName LastName, FirstName LastName, FirstName LastName, FirstName LastName, FirstName LastName, et al.
No author? Begin you citation with the Title of the Book in italics.
TITLE: Article, Chapter, Webpage |
Title is in quotation marks, provided in full, capitalized headline-style, and followed by a period.
E.g., "Title is in Quotation Marks and Capitalized Headline-style."
TITLE: Journal, Book, Website |
Title is in italics, provided in full, and capitalized headline-style.
E.g., Title is in Italics and Capitalized Headline-style
VOLUME & ISSUE NUMBERS |
When citing articles, the volume number follows the journal title with no punctuation. A comma separates the volume and the issue number is preceded by "no."
E.g., Title 42, no. 3
PUBLICATION PLACE |
The publication place precedes the publisher's name and is followed by a full colon.
E.g., Sidney: Hedgerow Press, 2013.
PUBLISHER |
Unlike some other citation styles, when citing in Chicago, always provide the publisher's name in full.
DATE |
If a printed work has no known publication date, use the abbreviation “n.d.” For online resources, provide an access date if the publication date is unavailable.
PAGES |
If page numbers are not available in your resource, you can use other markers including: chapter (chap.), section (sec.), equation (eq.), volume (vol.), or note (n.).
DOI or URL |
Cite the DOI wherever possible. If no DOI is available, cite the URL (preferably a stable url or permalink if available). DOIs and URLs should not be hyperlinked.
FORMAT |
Includes CDs, DVDs, VHS, film, and digital formats such as MPEG, MP3, and WAV. Depending on the resource type, you may need to include the original format and/or a digitized format.
General Model for Citing Film, Television, and Other Recorded Media
Citations of video, film, and sound recordings vary according to the nature of the material being referenced and depending on what element is most important to your paper. Any element relevant to identifying a resource should be included.
Depending on the resource type, you may cite both the release date for the resource you watched, as well as the original date of creation. For online media, include a URL at the end of the citation. When constructing citations for various media types, do so in as consistent a manner as possible throughout your research paper.
Information to include when citing media resources:
FORMAT
Creator's LastName, FirstName, role. Title of Work. DatePublished; PlacePublished: Publisher. Collection if applicable, Format, running time. URL.
EXAMPLE
Arnaquq-Baril, Alethea, dir. Angry Inuk. 2016; Iqaluit: National Film Board of Canada. National Film Board of Canada Indigenous Cinema Collection. Streaming media, 1:22. https://www.nfb.ca/film/angry_inuk/.
FOOTNOTE FORM
9. Angry Inuk, directed by Alethea Arnaquq-Baril (2016; Iqaluit: National Film Board of Canada), National Film Board of Canada Indigenous Cinema Collection, streaming media, 1:22, https://www.nfb.ca/film/angry_inuk/.
FORMAT
Director's LastName, FirstName, dir. Title of Work. Original release date; PlacePublished: Publisher, Date Media you watched was Published. Format.
EXAMPLE
Polley, Sarah, dir. Stories We Tell. 2012; Toronto, ON: National Film Board of Canada, 2013. DVD.
FOOTNOTE FORM
42. Stories We Tell, directed by Sarah Polley (2012; Toronto, ON: National Film Board of Canada, 2013), DVD.
EXAMPLE
Hancock, John Lee, dir. The Blind Side. 2009; Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video, 2010. DVD.
FOOTNOTE FORM
43. The Blind Side, directed by John Lee Hancock (2009; Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video, 2010), DVD.
FORMAT - Album or Collection
LastName, FirstName of composer, performer, or group. Year of original recording if applicable. Title of Recording. Contributing personnel if applicable. Recording Company and Publisher Acquisition number of LP or CD if available. Year of Release if applicable. Format.
EXAMPLE
Haim. Days Are Gone. Columbia Records 88883 77097 2. 2013. Compact disc.
FOOTNOTE FORM
38. Haim, Days Are Gone, Columbia Records 88883 77097 2, 2013, compact disc.
EXAMPLE
Pink Floyd. Atom Heart Mother. 1970 Capital CDP7 46381 2. 1990. Compact disc.
FOOTNOTE FORM
42. Pink Floyd, Atom Heart Mother, 1970, Capital CDP7 46381 2, 1990, compact disc.
FORMAT - Track on an Album or Collection
LastName, FirstName of composer, performer, or group. Year of original recording if applicable. "Title of Track". Contributing personnel if applicable. Track number on AlbumTitle if applicable. Recording Company and Publisher Acquisition number of LP or CD if available. Year of Release if applicable. Format.
EXAMPLE
Harrison, George, vocalist. 1970. "If Not for You." By Bob Dylan. Track 2 on album 1, side 2 on All Things Must Pass. Capital Records CDP 7 46688 2, 2001. Vinyl LP.
FOOTNOTE FORM
7. George Harrison, vocalist, 1970, "If Not for You," by Bob Dylan, track 2 on album 1, side 2 on All Things Must Pass, Capital Records CDP 7 46688 2, 2001, vinyl LP.
EXAMPLE
Rihanna [Robin Fentyl], vocalist. 2007. "Umbrella." Featuring Jay-Z. Track 1 on Rhianna, Good Girl Gone Bad. Island Def Jam. MP3 audio.
FOOTNOTE FORM
8. Rihanna [Robin Fentyl], vocalist, 2007, "Umbrella," featuring Jay-Z, track 1 on Rhianna, Good Girl Gone Bad, Island Def Jam, MP3 audio.
MORE DETAILS
FORMAT
LastName, FirstName, dir. Title of Work. Season number, episode number, "Episode Title." Aired Month day, year, on Network Name. URL if applicable.
EXAMPLE
Jeyapalan, Renuka, dir. Kim's Convenience. Season 2, episode 9, "New TV." Aired November 21, 2017, on CBC.
FOOTNOTE FORM
24. Kim's Convenience, season 2, episode 9, "New TV," directed by Renuka Jeyapalan, aired November 21, 2017, on CBC.
EXAMPLE
Feeley, Erin, dir. Orange is the New Black. Season 6, episode 3, "Look Out for Number One." Aired July 27, 2018, on Netflix. https://www.netflix.com/watch/80217078.
FOOTNOTE FORM
24. Orange is the New Black, season 6, episode 3, "Look Out for Number One," directed by Erin Feeley, aired July 27, 2018, on Netflix, https://www.netflix.com/watch/80217078.