AUTHOR |
1 author: LastName, First Name and/or Initial.
2+ authors: LastName, FirstName, and FirstName LastName.
10+ authors (list the first 7 authors and add "et al."): Last Name, First Name, FirstName LastName, FirstName LastName, FirstName LastName, FirstName LastName, FirstName LastName, FirstName LastName, et al.
No author? Begin you citation with the Title of the Book in italics.
TITLE: Article, Chapter, Webpage |
Title is in quotation marks, provided in full, capitalized headline-style, and followed by a period.
E.g., "Title is in Quotation Marks and Capitalized Headline-style."
TITLE: Journal, Book, Website |
Title is in italics, provided in full, and capitalized headline-style.
E.g., Title is in Italics and Capitalized Headline-style
VOLUME & ISSUE NUMBERS |
When citing articles, the volume number follows the journal title with no punctuation. A comma separates the volume and the issue number is preceded by "no."
E.g., Title 42, no. 3
PUBLICATION PLACE |
The publication place precedes the publisher's name and is followed by a full colon.
E.g., Sidney: Hedgerow Press, 2013.
PUBLISHER |
Unlike some other citation styles, when citing in Chicago, always provide the publisher's name in full.
DATE |
If a printed work has no known publication date, use the abbreviation “n.d.” For online resources, provide an access date if the publication date is unavailable.
PAGES |
If page numbers are not available in your resource, you can use other markers including: chapter (chap.), section (sec.), equation (eq.), volume (vol.), or note (n.).
DOI or URL |
Cite the DOI wherever possible. If no DOI is available, cite the URL (preferably a stable url or permalink if available). DOIs and URLs should not be hyperlinked.
FORMAT |
Includes CDs, DVDs, VHS, film, and digital formats such as MPEG, MP3, and WAV. Depending on the resource type, you may need to include the original format and/or a digitized format.
FORMAT
Author's LastName, FirstName. Title of Book. PlacePublished: Publisher, Year.
EXAMPLE
Oakley, Ann. Gender on Planet Earth. New York: New Press, 2003.
FOOTNOTE FORM
1. Ann Oakley, Gender on Planet Earth (New York: New Press, 2003), 77.
FORMAT
FirstAuthor's LastName, FirstName and/or Initial., and SecondAuthor's FirstName and/or Initial. LastName. Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. Edition number (if applicable). PlacePublished: Publisher, Year.
EXAMPLE
Boxer, Marilyn J., and Jean H. Quataert. Connecting Spheres: European Women in a Globalizing World, 1500 to the Present. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
FOOTNOTE FORM
2. Marilyn J. Boxer and Jean H. Quataert, Connecting Spheres: European Women in a Globalizing World, 1500 to the Present, 2nd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 133.
MORE DETAILS
FORMAT
FirstAuthor's LastName, FirstName, SecondAuthor's FirstName LastName, ThirdAuthor's FirstName LastName, and ForthAuthor's FirstName LastName. Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. PlacePublished: Publisher, Year.
EXAMPLE
Clayden, Marie, Dianne Fenner, Christine McAdam, and Christine Strauss. Making It Work: A Handbook for Reading, Writing, Language and Media. Toronto: Irwin Publishing, 2003.
FOOTNOTE FORM
3. Marie Clayden et al., Making It Work: A Handbook for Reading, Writing, Language and Media (Toronto: Irwin Publishing, 2003), 65.
MORE DETAILS
FORMAT
Corporation Name.Title of Book. PlacePublished: Publisher, Year.
EXAMPLE
American Medical Association. Essential Guide to Asthma. New York: Pocket Books, 1998.
FOOTNOTE FORM
4. American Medical Association, Essential Guide to Asthma (New York: Pocket Books, 1998), 78.
MORE DETAILS
In a publication issued by corporation, organization, or association, the corporation is listed as the author (even if it is also given as the publisher).
FORMAT
Title of Book. PlacePublished: Publisher, Year.
EXAMPLE
American Heritage Dictionary for Learners of English. Boston: Houghton, 2002.
FOOTNOTE FORM
5. American Heritage Dictionary for Learners of English (Boston: Houghton, 2002), 10.
FORMAT
Editor's LastName, FirstName and/or Initial., ed. Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. PlacePublished: Publisher, Year.
EXAMPLE
Hughes, Kenneth J., ed. Contemporary Manitoba Writers: New Critical Studies. Winnipeg: Turnstone Press, 1990.
FOOTNOTE FORM
6. Kenneth J. Hughes, ed., Contemporary Manitoba Writers: New Critical Studies (Winnipeg: Turnstone Press, 1990), 48.
MORE DETAILS
FORMAT
Author's LastName, FirstName. Title of Book. Translated by Translator's FirstName LastName. PlacePublished: Publisher, Year.
EXAMPLE
Fuentes, Norberto. Autobiography of Fidel Castro. Translated by Anna Kushner. New York: W.W. Norton, 2010.
FOOTNOTE FORM
7. Norberto Fuentes, Autobiography of Fidel Castro, trans. Anna Kushner (New York: W.W. Norton, 2010), 58.
FORMAT
Translator's LastName, FirstName, trans. Title of Book. PlacePublished: Publisher, Year.
EXAMPLE
George, Andrew, trans. The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem and Other Texts in Akkadian and Sumerian. London: Penguin Classics, 1999.
FOOTNOTE FORM
4. Andrew George, trans., The Epic of Gilgamesh: The Babylonian Epic Poem and Other Texts in Akkadian and Sumerian, (London: Penguin Classics, 1999), 42.
MORE DETAILS
Sometimes translated works will have no attributable authors. In those cases treat the translator as you would the author of a book and add "trans." to indicate the translator's role.
FORMAT
ChapterAuthor's LastName, FirstName. "Chapter Title." In Title of Book: Subtitle of Book, edited by FirstEditor's FirstName LastName and SecondEditor's FirstName LastName, xx-xx. PlacePublished: Publisher, Year.
EXAMPLE
Crozier, Lorna. “What Stays in the Family.” In Dropped Threads: What We Aren’t Told, edited by Carol Shields and Marjorie Anderson, 11-18. Toronto: Vintage Canada, 2001.
FOOTNOTE FORM
8. Lorna Crozier, “What Stays in the Family,” in Dropped Threads: What We Aren’t Told, ed. Carol Shields and Marjorie Anderson (Toronto: Vintage Canada, 2001), 16.
FORMAT
IntroAuthor's LastName, FirstName and Second IntroAuthor's FirstName LastName. Introduction to Title of Book, xx - xx. Edited by Editor's FirstName LastName. PlacePublished: Publisher, Year.
EXAMPLE
Deerchild, Eden, and Delba Duckworth. Introduction to Democracy in Canada, xvii–xxxvi. Edited by Jordan Maracle. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2018.
FOOTNOTE FORM
8. Eden Deerchild and Delba Duckworth, introduction to Democracy in Canada, ed. Jordan Maracle (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 2018), xvi.
MORE DETAILS
If the preface, introduction, or afterword is written by someone other than the editor (or author) of the book, provide the author of the preface, introduction, or afterword in addition to the title and author(s)/editor(s) of the book. In the bibliography, also include the page range for the preface, introduction, or afterword.
FORMAT
FirstAuthor's LastName, FirstName and/or Initial., and SecondAuthor's FirstName LastName. Title of Book: Subtitle of Book. Edition number. PlacePublished: Publisher, Year.
EXAMPLE
Harper-Dorton, Karen V., and Martin Herbert, Working with Children, Adolescents, and Their Families. 3rd ed. Chicago: Lyceum Books, 2002.
FOOTNOTE FORM
2. Karen V. Harper-Dorton and Martin Herbert, Working with Children, Adolescents, and Their Families, 3rd ed. (Chicago: Lyceum Books, 2002), 43.
MORE DETAILS
When citing a book from an edition other than the original, you may describe the edition:
FORMAT
Author's LastName, FirstName and/or Initial. Title of Book. Self-published, Self-publisherName, Year.
EXAMPLE
Biberger, Angie. Plants and Poetry of Deep Cove. Self-published, CreateSpace, 2018.
FOOTNOTE FORM
7. Angie Biberger, Plants and Poetry of Deep Cove, (self-pub., CreateSpace, 2018), 27.