| AUTHOR |
1 author: LastName, First Name and/or Initial.
2+ authors: LastName, FirstName, and FirstName LastName.
10+ authors (list the first 7 authors and add "et al."): Last Name, First Name, FirstName LastName, FirstName LastName, FirstName LastName, FirstName LastName, FirstName LastName, FirstName LastName, et al.
No author? Begin you citation with the Title of the Book in italics.
| TITLE: Article, Chapter, Webpage |
Title is in quotation marks, provided in full, capitalized headline-style, and followed by a period.
E.g., "Title is in Quotation Marks and Capitalized Headline-style."
| TITLE: Journal, Book, Website |
Title is in italics, provided in full, and capitalized headline-style.
E.g., Title is in Italics and Capitalized Headline-style
| VOLUME & ISSUE NUMBERS |
When citing articles, the volume number follows the journal title with no punctuation. A comma separates the volume and the issue number is preceded by "no."
E.g., Title 42, no. 3
| PUBLICATION PLACE |
The publication place precedes the publisher's name and is followed by a full colon.
E.g., Sidney: Hedgerow Press, 2013.
| PUBLISHER |
Unlike some other citation styles, when citing in Chicago, always provide the publisher's name in full.
| DATE |
If a printed work has no known publication date, use the abbreviation “n.d.” For online resources, provide an access date if the publication date is unavailable.
| PAGES |
If page numbers are not available in your resource, you can use other markers including: chapter (chap.), section (sec.), equation (eq.), volume (vol.), or note (n.).
| DOI or URL |
Cite the DOI wherever possible. If no DOI is available, cite the URL (preferably a stable url or permalink if available). DOIs and URLs should not be hyperlinked.
| FORMAT |
Includes CDs, DVDs, VHS, film, and digital formats such as MPEG, MP3, and WAV. Depending on the resource type, you may need to include the original format and/or a digitized format.
Citations for E-books and Books
The formatting of citations for electronic books draws heavily from the formulas used for print books. In fact, e-books are cited the same as print books with one extra piece of information added at the end of the citation:
See the "Books" sub-tab of this guide for more variations on citation formatting for books. All of these guidelines are applicable to e-book citations, just remember to add the e-book format or DOI/URL to the end of the citation.
FORMAT
Author's LastName, FirstName. Title of E-book. PlacePublished: Publisher, Year. DOI, URL or e-book type edition.
EXAMPLE
Antokoletz, Elliot. Musical Symbolism in the Operas of Debussy and Bartok. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195365825.001.0001.
FOOTNOTE FORM
11. Elliot Antokoletz, Musical Symbolism in the Operas of Debussy and Bartok (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195365825.001.0001.
MORE DETAILS
EXAMPLE
Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics, 2007. Kindle.
FOOTNOTE FORM
12. Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice (New York: Penguin Classics, 2007), chap. 8, Kindle.
EXAMPLE
Kurland, Philip B., and Ralph Lerner, eds. The Founders’ Constitution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987. Accessed March 25, 2011. http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.
FOOTNOTE FORM
13. Philip B. Kurland and Ralph Lerner, eds., The Founders’ Constitution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987), accessed March 25, 2011, http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/.
EXAMPLE
Sirosh, Joseph, Risto Miikkulainen, and James A. Bednar. “Self-Organization of Orientation Maps, Lateral Connections, and Dynamic Receptive Fields in the Primary Visual Cortex.” In Lateral Interactions in the Cortex: Structure and Function, edited by Joseph Sirosh, Risto Miikkulainen, and Yoonsuck Choe. Austin, TX: UTCS Neural Networks Research Group, 1996. http://nn.cs.utexas.edu/web-pubs/htmlbook96/.
FOOTNOTE FORM
7. Joseph Sirosh, Risto Miikkulainen, and James A. Bednar, “Self-Organization of Orientation Maps,Lateral Connections, and Dynamic Receptive Fields in the Primary Visual Cortex,” in Lateral Interactions in the Cortex: Structure and Function, ed. Joseph Sirosh, Risto Miikkulainen, and Yoonsuck Choe (Austin, TX: UTCS Neural Networks Research Group, 1996), in section “Dynamic Receptive Fields,” http://nn.cs.utexas.edu/web-pubs/htmlbook96/.