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*Effective Health Science Searching: Evidence Pyramid

Effective Health Science Searching

The Evidence Pyramid

Introduction

The research pyramid, also known as the research hierarchy of evidence, provides a visual and systematic representation of different forms of research, ranging from the least reliable (bottom) to the most reliable (top). The hierarchy of evidence is a fundamental principle of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM). EBM hierarchies categorize study types based on the strength and precision of their research methods. Various hierarchies exist for different questions, and even experts may disagree on the exact ranking of information in the evidence hierarchies. However, most experts agree that current, well-designed systematic reviews and meta-analyses are at the top of the pyramid, while expert opinion and anecdotal experience are at the bottom.

Click on the image below to learn more about each pyramid level.

Evidence Pyramid
Clinical practice
Meta-analyses
Systematic reviews
Randomized controlled trials
Cohort studies
Case control studies
Background information & expert opinion

Next step

Take a look at the other categories and types of sources, or move on to research tools. 


Credit Statement: The information on this page was reused and adapted (with permission) from the University of Lousiville's Evidence-Based Practice: Types Of Evidence Guide. 

Material is licensed for reuse under the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC