IEEE Citation Style

Indicating your citations in the text of your paper

• Number your citations in the order that you cite them. For example, the first source you reference will be listed with a [1], the second source your reference will be listed with a [2] and so on. 
• Include the citation number directly after the information you are referencing. This may be the middle of a sentence or the end, depending.
• Numbers for each citation must be enclosed in square brackets, eg.[1] or [2] with a space before the brackets.and listed before any punctuation.
• Each numbered citation corresponds to a numbered reference at the end of the your paper where you include all the citation information your reader needs to find the cited source.
• Once a source has been cited, the same number is used for that source in all subsequent references.
• No distinction is made between print and electronic references when citing within the text.

Here are some examples of in-text citation:

• "The theory was first put forward in 1987 [1]. 
• Scholtz [2] has argued that.......
• Several recent studies [3, 4, 15, 16] have suggested that...
• For example, see [7]."

It is not necessary to mention either the author(s) or the the date of the reference. You can if you want to, but it is not required.

Citing more than one reference at a time

When citing more than one source at a time, the preferred method is to list each reference number separately with a comma or dash between each reference - for example:

Preferred
[1], [3], [5]
[1] - [5]

although the following method is also acceptable:

Acceptable
[1, 3, 5]
[1-5]

Citing a reference multiple times

When citing a source for a second or subsequent time, do not use ibid, as you can in other formating styles. Instead, repeat the earlier reference number.

If you are referring to a different page number or figure in a source you have cited already, specifiy that different page or figure within the brackets. For example: 

[3, pp. 5-10], [3, Ch.  2, pp. 6-21], [3, Fig. 1], [3, Sec. 4.5]

Using direct quotations in the text of your writing:

If you are citing the source directly with quotation marks, make sure you include the page number. You can do this in one of two ways. 

OPTION 1: mention the page number in your sentence. 

For example:  The results discussed on page 6 describe a "5% temperature increase" [3]. 

OPTION 2: include page number inside the square brackets;

 for example: A "5% temperature increase" [3, p.6] was observed in the ...