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Journals - Scholarly, academic or peer-reviewed
Provide well-sourced technical information to researchers and expert practitioners
- appeal to specialists, academics, researchers, post-secondary students
- authors are experts in their field, affiliated with an institution or university. Author's credentials usually listed.
- reporting results of original research and experimentation
- provide in-depth coverage; articles tend to be lengthy
- use specialized language of the discipline
- platforms for scholars and researchers to share their research and discoveries with others who are also experts in their field
- articles reviewed by a panel of experts before acceptance for publication (juried, refereed, peer reviewed)
- specific sources used in research are included in citations, footnotes, bibliography or reference list
Trade - professional publications
Provide business and industry news and information to workplace professionals
- publications with a very narrow appeal, targeting particular industries or professions
- advertising is often geared to the profession
- provide news about new products and processes, conferences and trade shows, and companies
- written with a relevant profession in mind, but are generally pretty accessible; lay readers will still be able to understand the articles
- authors of trade journal/magazine articles are often members of a relevant field or profession. Usually their professional designation will be indicated
- sometimes the only source of information about trends in business and industry
- may include references but will not be as extensive as a scholarly article
Popular - magazines & newspapers
Provide information and entertainment to the general reader
- they have wide readerships; use everyday language
- rely heavily on advertisements targeted to consumers as a source of revenue
- they cover ideas, issues, events, personalities, and activities that have popular appeal
- their appearance is often attractive, with eye-catching graphics, shorter articles, pictures, advertising
- authors are usually professional writers or journalists. Unsigned articles by staff writers
- checked for accuracy by the editor, but bibliography or source list rarely provided